A violent thriller partly written in patois about the assassination attempt on Bob Marley has won the Man Booker Prize, with author Marlon James becoming the first Jamaican to win the leading literary award.
The Duchess of Cornwall last night presented James with a trophy and a cheque for £50,000 for his novel A Brief History of Seven Killings - which has been liked to a Quentin Tarantino film because of its violence and language - in a ceremony at London's Guildhall.
Michael Wood, chair of the judges, said the 686-page epic was "extraordinary" although he admitted the subject matter could make it a controversial choice. "It's very violent, full of swearing," he said. "It's also full of surprises."
The judges had little difficulty in making their decision, taking less than two hours to come to a unanimous conclusion. Professor Wood hailed the novel, saying: "There's an excitement right from the beginning."
One of the judges likes to give the Booker Prize-winning novel to their mother but "this one might be a bit difficult", Mr Wood admitted adding that "it might be good for" those who initially were not interested in reading it. He said his own mother would not have got through the first few pages "because of the swearing".
On 3 December 1976, seven men from West Kingston stormed Marley's house with machine guns, but the musician survived. The events inspired James to write an "imagined oral biography" of the events and aftermath.
"It is a crime novel that moves beyond the world of crime and takes us deep into a recent history we know far too little about," Mr Wood said. "It moves at terrific pace and will come to be seen as a classic of our times." While Marley is only ever referred to as "The Singer" throughout the novel, it tells a fictionalised version of the near assassination through characters from FBI agents, to killers, ghosts and even Keith Richards' drug dealer.
Some parts are written in Jamaican patois and one of the Booker judges consulted a Jamaican poet "to see what his ear was like. He said [James's] ear was spot on".
The 44-year-old author, who cites Dickens as a major influence on his work, was born in Kingston and left Jamaica for the US in 2007.
He listened to Marley's album Exodus, which was recorded after the assassination attempt, while writing the book as he wanted the musician's viewpoint to inform the work. James said it was "so surreal" to win the prize, which he dedicated to his late father for helping shape his "literary sensibilities".
He overcame the odds, beating bookies' favourite, Hanya Yanagihara, the US writer whose 736-page novel A Little Life explored themes of child abuse and self-harm.
While Seven Killings is violent, Mr Wood said there was "a liveliness in the wit of the writing that's a little more cheery than a few of the other books [on the shortlist]".
Also on the shortlist were British authors Sunjeev Sahota and Tom McCarthy and Chigozie Obioma, the 28-year-old Nigerian author nominated for his debut work.
This year marked the second that any author writing in English - rather than just from the Commonwealth - was eligible for the prize. Critics had feared the rule change would leave the prize swamped with authors from the US. Last year's winner was the Australian writer Richard Flanagan with his novel The Narrow Road to the Deep North inspired by his father's experiences on the Burma death railway.
REVIEWS ROUND-UP
'AN EPIC NOVEL'
The Independent
"It showcases the extraordinary capabilities of a writer whose importance can scarcely be questioned."
The New York Times
"It's Like a Tarantino remake of The Harder They Come, but with a soundtrack by Bob Marley and a script by Oliver Stone and William Faulkner."
The LA Times
"What James constructed might be called an epic Jamaican novel, but that would be wrong: it's simply epic."
The Irish Times
"Not for the faint-hearted."
The FT
"Above all, James has triumphed in capturing the tension, the politics, the heat, chaos, beauty and music of Jamaica."
The Independent