In South Africa, the vibrant beauty of our flowers is a source of pride. From the stunning King Protea to fragrant roses and hardy flowering succulents like vygies, our country boasts a rich floral heritage.
However, not everyone can enjoy this natural beauty.
Many South Africans face the challenge of allergies, particularly when spring arrives.
As the flowers bloom, unfortunately, it’s estimated that more than 20% of the population suffers from these allergic reactions. Allergy symptoms can include nasal congestion, sneezing, itchy eyes, and even shortness of breath.
Pollen allergies typically lead to three main issues: allergic rhinitis, conjunctivitis, and asthma.
The arrival of spring can be a miserable time for those affected. Fresh research from the National Wildlife Federation in the US highlights the growing impact of climate change on seasonal allergies.
According to their findings, spring now starts about 10 to 14 days earlier each year, leading to increased pollen levels.
Allergic reactions occur when the body’s immune system overreacts to substances like pollen or mould spores. In South Africa, since 2019, pollen counters have been introduced to help people manage their seasonal allergies more effectively.
Trevor Brewer, director of air treatment specialist at Solenco, noted that many allergy sufferers often experience worse symptoms at night. This can lead to a frustrating condition dubbed “insneezia,” a mix of insomnia and sneezing that affects about two-thirds of those with hay fever.
While pollen levels tend to peak during the day, recent studies revealed that certain airborne pollens can also be high at night. Brewer explained that pollen rises into the atmosphere during the day and falls back to the ground as temperatures drop in the evening.
This can disrupt sleep for many, with research showing that around 88% of children and 48% to 68% of adults with hay fever experience sleep disturbances.
Paul Miller, CEO of Cipla Africa, mentioned the challenges faced previously due to limited research on pollen counts in the country.
“This made it hard to identify pollen triggers and their peak times,” he said. To improve the situation, Cipla sponsored a pollen counter in George, Western Cape, aiming to enhance the well-being of allergy sufferers.
By monitoring pollen counts on dedicated websites, people can learn which plants are pollinating in their areas. It’s also wise to consult a doctor about treatment options, whether over-the-counter or prescription, especially for those with asthma, who need to manage their medication carefully during high pollen days.
Dr Corli Lodder, founder of the Allergy and Asthma Clinic in George, shared how the pollen counter has improved patient care.
“We can now identify which trees, grasses, and weeds are prevalent at different times, allowing us to tailor treatment plans effectively,” she explained.
She added: “Patients living with allergic rhinitis and asthma have no control over what is in the air when they breathe, but they have to breath. Sudden weather changes are common with global warming being a reality, also affecting the length of pollination seasons globally.
“Pollen surveillance is one of the tools we have in assisting our patients to use inhaled medication at the right time at the right dose to prevent acute exacerbations that may lead to hospitalisations and complications.”
Tips for managing hay fever symptoms:
Allergy-proof your home
Keep doors and windows closed in the early morning and at night when pollen counts peak. Wipe surfaces with a wet cloth to remove pollen and take a shower before bed to wash off any accumulated allergens.
Choose your plants wisely
Many allergenic plants in South Africa are non-indigenous, like plane and oak trees. Opting for native trees and shrubs can help reduce pollen exposure.
Although hay fever sufferers may never fully escape pollen’s effects, there are ways to limit its impact on quality of life and sleep.
Brewer advised: “If you’re considering medication, it’s best to consult a doctor.”