A Gateway to Economic Growth and Energy Security in Africa

As someone who has spent years working at the intersection of energy policy, infrastructure development, and stakeholder engagement, I have seen firsthand how critical energy access and reliability are to economic growth.

In Africa, where energy poverty remains a persistent barrier to prosperity, the conversation about new infrastructure often focuses on traditional generation and distribution. But we should also be asking: Are data centres a viable catalyst for economic transformation and greater energy security on the continent? I believe the answer is yes — if we think strategically.

At first glance, data centres might seem like a luxury reserved for highly developed economies. After all, they are energy-intensive facilities built to serve digital economies that depend on cloud services, financial transactions, logistics, and communications. However, framing data centres only as high-end infrastructure misses their potential to drive much broader development goals.

First, data centres offer an opportunity to stimulate local economies. Their construction and operation require skilled labour across multiple sectors — electrical, mechanical, IT, and security — and they encourage the development of a more specialised workforce. These are not one-time construction projects; data centres need ongoing maintenance, operations staff, and support services, which create stable, long-term jobs. In markets like Africa, where unemployment is often high among young people, building this kind of workforce ecosystem can have a profound multiplier effect across communities.

Second, data centres can improve the reliability and resilience of the power grid rather than burden it. This may sound counterintuitive, but many modern data centres are being built alongside their own dedicated or “behind-the-meter” energy generation — solar, natural gas, battery storage, and increasingly microgrids — to ensure uninterrupted uptime. In markets where the grid is fragile or intermittent, these facilities can become stabilising anchors, investing in distributed energy resources that not only serve the centre but can also feed surplus power back into the local grid or reduce pressure during peak times.

Moreover, the development of these energy assets can help lay the groundwork for broader grid modernisation. Where a data centre builds resilient power systems to protect its operations, nearby communities often benefit too, either through improved infrastructure, new grid interconnection points, or new energy generation that would not have otherwise been financially viable without the anchor demand the data centre provides.

Third, data centres can be powerful attractors of broader investment. Digital infrastructure is the backbone of modern economies, and companies in finance, technology, logistics, healthcare, and education all increasingly demand secure, reliable digital services. A robust data centre industry can thus become a foundation for wider economic diversification, making it easier for businesses to operate, governments to digitise services, and entrepreneurs to scale new ventures. In regions where economies have long depended on resource extraction or agriculture, this kind of diversification is critical.

Of course, success is not guaranteed. There are real challenges: permitting, political stability, access to affordable and renewable energy, land availability, cooling solutions for hot climates, and regulatory frameworks that support investment. But these challenges are not insurmountable. Africa’s energy development history — marked by leapfrogging technologies like mobile banking and distributed solar — shows that innovative approaches often thrive where traditional models have failed.

To unlock the full potential of data centres in Africa, partnerships between governments, utilities, private developers, and financiers will be essential. Incentives for clean energy, streamlined permitting for infrastructure projects, and the development of workforce training programs can all play a role in creating a favourable environment. Private sector innovation, coupled with public sector support, can help turn data centres from isolated investments into engines of national development.

In short, data centres are not a distraction from Africa’s pressing energy and economic challenges. They can be a solution — if we think beyond the data centre itself and recognise it as part of a larger ecosystem that can build resilience, promote energy security, and catalyse broad-based economic growth. The future of African development will depend in no small part on the strength and reliability of its digital and physical infrastructure. Building data centres — and doing so strategically — can be a critical step forward.

Andrew Biemer is a regulatory agency director overseeing utility siting and permitting in the U.S. State of New Hampshire. He is a frequent panellist and moderator at energy conferences in the US and Africa.